The EPIQ-in-Space project will investigate a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) based entangled photon pair source in space to advance quantum communication via satellites. A payload containing a TNO developed PIC source and Qubitrium InGaAs Single Photon Detectors (SPDs) will be launched with the HemiCat mission in 2026. This in-orbit demonstration offers a unique opportunity to test new technology crucial for developing global quantum networks.

Background and Objectives

With expected advancements in quantum computing, protecting against quantum cryptographic attacks and establishing links between quantum computers becomes crucial. This relies on quantum communication networks, which use entangled information for secure data exchange. Expanding these networks to airborne and space domains is necessary to extend communication over longer distances. The EPIQ-in-Space project aims to investigate a PIC-based entanglement source in space conditions. PICs are chip-scale optical platforms, pivotal in space applications due to their size and weight reductions. Testing this novel technology in space is uniquely enabled without incurring costs for launch, by joining the planned HemiCAT in-Orbit demonstration in 2026.

Technical Approach and Challenges

The project focuses on validating the functionality of the Entangled Photon Pair Source (EPPS) payload in low Earth orbit. This includes testing the quantum source and InGaAs SPDs in space. Key challenges include supply chain delays, sensitivity of the PIC to vibrations in space, and degradation of SPDs due to radiation. These challenges are addressed in a collaboration beween TNO and Qubitrium, with TNO providing the quantum source and Qubitrium the SPDs. The mission allows for evaluation of the achievable performances that could, in the future, contribute to the execution of a space-compatible quantum communication.

Expected Results and Future Applications

Demonstrating the functionality of the EPPS and hardware in low Earth orbit will fundamentally enhance our technical knowledge of generating entangled photons in space. The hardware developments in this project will furthermore raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of satellite payload components such as the SPDs, making them more suitable for future commercial applications. In the future, this research can represent an important contribution to developing quantum communication links between space and Earth and create new opportunities for applying PIC-based quantum sources. This will not only strengthen the Dutch position in the quantum and space sectors but also lead to economic and societal benefits within Europe.